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太陽系の誕生は今から46億年前だ。その時はスターバーストで母親とも言える星雲が（星間雲だ）形成されたのかもしれない（実際に観測したわけではないのでわからない。他の銀河を観測して予想するしかないのだ）。 　この頃や銀河系の誕生前後、大質量星の超新星爆発により星雲が生まれた。また、このあと超新星爆発の影響により、星雲で太陽系の元のファーストコアが生まれた可能性がある。 と言うのも、恒星の形成とアルマなどの大口径望遠鏡（可視光以外。外側の星雲によって遮られ内部まで見えないので）の観測が一致しているので、太陽系の誕生も星雲内で生まれたのは確実だ。 ファーストコアは超新星爆発の衝撃波で星間雲が形成された...

Hot Jupiter, as the name suggests, means hot Jupiter, but isn't it actually a scorching gas planet? Hot Jupiters are probably the most easily discovered, but because of their small numbers, they are rarely discovered. Hot Jupiter was the first exoplanet to be discovered. I will explain why. Hot Jupi...

Jupiter-like planets have masses between 0.5 and 13 Jupiter masses. The main components are hydrogen and helium. It is highly likely that there is a core composed of rock, metal, and ice inside. As it goes inside, it seems to go from gas to liquid to metallic hydrogen. It rotates at a high speed and...

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Europa's surface has a unique color. It may also be characterized by its lack of craters. Furthermore, its surface is the smoothest object in the solar system. Furthermore, near the equator, Europa is covered by a 15-meter-high ice spire-like object. This is most likely due to the sublimation of the...

Europa is the second of Jupiter's four giant satellites (in order of proximity to Jupiter: Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, or all four Galilean satellites). This satellite is Io on the inner side. The Ganymede satellites are on the outer side. Due to resonance phenomena, Europa can be elliptical or ...

Jupiter's moon Io is the closest to Jupiter of the four main Jupiter satellites. As a result, Jupiter's tidal forces are very large. Furthermore, it is also in a resonant relationship with its side satellite Europa, so that if it orbits twice, Europa has orbited once. Therefore, when Europa, Io and ...

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Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. Furthermore, its mass is 2.5 times greater than the combined mass of all the planets in the solar system except Jupiter. Furthermore, its orbital inclination is only 3.13° and is expected to change little seasonally. The average orbital radius is 5....

Mars has a rotation period of 24:37, almost the same as that of the Earth. In addition, its gravity is one-third that of the Earth. The tilt of the rotation axis is 25.19 degrees. Earth's is 23 degrees. From this point of view, it may be closer to Earth than to Venus, but it is a delicate point. In ...

Mars (Mars) has been adored as the Red Planet since ancient times. It has been said that Mars may have noticed a civilization more advanced than mankind. It has even been said that it may be aware of a civilization more advanced than mankind. 　One scientist even said that Mars has canals and a civil...

The dynamo effect of the core is necessary to maintain the magnetic field of the planet. In the case of the Earth's core, it is divided into an inner core and an outer core. The outer core is fused, causing the dynamo effect. However, the earth is always cooling, and the core releases heat into the ...

For 600 million years, the water in the Earth's oceans has been absorbed by the mantle. Therefore, the amount of water is decreasing. In addition, it will have escaped from outer space. Perhaps it may disappear in 1.1 billion years. Then the ocean ridges will appear on the earth's surface. 　Since wa...

The Future of the Earth The future of the Earth will be very sad. First, we need to keep in mind that the sun is still evolving. First, the increase in the Earth's temperature accelerates the chemical reaction processes on the Earth's surface. This accelerates the speed of oxidation of silicate mine...

Plate tectonics would be necessary to clearly separate the Earth's continents from its oceans. The primitive earth had a high sea level and only a few islands were visible. Also, the atmospheric pressure at that time may have been around 400-500 atmospheres. It was the oceans that lowered it. The oc...